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DNS FIELD GUIDE · 4 MIN READ

Read a DNS answer with confidence.

DNS connects names to information. Different record types answer different questions.

The records you will see most

A / AAAA
Map a name to an IPv4 / IPv6 address.
CNAME
Points a name to another name, rather than directly to an address.
MX
Identifies mail servers. Lower preference numbers are tried first.
NS
Names the authoritative DNS servers for a zone.
TXT
Holds text used for verification and policies such as SPF.
SOA
Contains zone authority and timing information.
CAA
States which certificate authorities may issue certificates for a domain.

What TTL means

Time to live tells a resolver how long it may cache a record. A lookup can show the remaining cache lifetime rather than the original authoritative TTL. DNS changes do not appear everywhere at the same instant.

Empty answers are meaningful

NXDOMAIN means the queried name does not exist according to the resolver. A successful response with no answer can mean the name exists but has no record of that type. SERVFAIL indicates that the resolver could not complete the lookup; DNSSEC problems are one possible cause.

One resolver, one perspective

Our lookup queries Cloudflare's public DNS-over-HTTPS service. Responses can differ between resolvers because of caching, routing and regional DNS policies. This is a lookup, not a global propagation test.

Reference: RFC 1035 — DNS implementation and records ↗